Ethics of Starbucks Corporation Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Starbucks Corporation EssayStarbucks Corporation is the international coffee and the largest coffeehouse in the world based in seattle, Washington. The company has expanded rapidly with oer 16,858 stores in 50 countries, including 11,000 in the united states, over 1000 in Canada and over 700 in uk. Starbucks dont cheat on only coffee moreover there atomic number 18 variety in the consumer products that they offer such(prenominal) as animated and cold sandwiches and Panini, pastries ,snacks and other hot and cold drinks. The companys products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks also has an entertainment division and take heed music brand, the company also markets books, music and films. Starbucks brand ice-creams and coffee are also offered at grocery stores.The Mission statement of Starbucks is to inspire and nurture the gentle spirit one person, one transfuse and one neighborhood at a time. Starbucks believe that conducting busine ss respectablely and striving to do the refine thing are vital to the success of the company. However, Starbucks corporation have been a target of protests and vandalism in the previous years on issues related to sustainability. besides Starbucks have always been socially responsible and made it a priority to the development of new ways of addressing diverse impacts of business in society.Like both corporation, Starbucks has its own Standard of note Conduct which facilitates legal compliance and ethics training investigates sensitive issues such as potential conflicts of interest and provides additional carry for partners to voice concerns. Partners are encouraged to report all types of issues or concerns to the program through their choice of the offered communication channel.The key goal and the important aspect of Business ethics is Sustainability. Sustainability is emerged from the environmental post because of the effective management of physical resources that are conse rved for the future. But the concept of sustainability is not only broadened to include environment but also stinting and social consideration.Starbucks have made its priorities in addressing ethical issues related to the environment through formal and public relations. Starbucks is committed to a fibre of environmental leadership in all facets of our business. This is done by understanding the environmental issues, developing innovative and flexible solutions to bring about change, attempt to buy, sell and use environmental friendly products, instilling environmental responsibility as a corporate value, measuring and monitoring our progress for each project.However, The Three components of Sustainability real represent in terms of goals for business ethics.a) the environmental perspectives for Starbucks CorporationIn 1999, Starbucks started grounds for coffee where they would give away the grounds to anyone for composting. They also reduced the coat of their paper napkins and ga rbage bags to reduce wastage and lightening their solid waste to 816.5 metric tons. In response to the excessive water consumption ,Starbucks have replaced pitcher and roller coaster wells with push button faucets for rinsing utensils. Starbucks are trying ways to make recycling services available for its plastic cups as the services are very limited. By 2015 it is exit make these services available in every store across the country.Previously, there were issues that plastic cups were non-recyclable because of the plastic coating that prevents the cup from leaking also prevents it from being recycled so they changed the material from prolypropylene (PP) to polyethylene teraphthale (PETE) which can be recycled. Starbucks is now considering the use of biodegradable material instead of plastics to line the cups. Starbucks gives 10 cents discounts to its customers for utilize its own mug and it now uses corrugated cup sleeves made up of 60% post consumer recycled fiber.As a Corporate Citizen, Starbucks have taken the ethical responsibility by conserving energy and increasing efficiency to reduce contribution to climate change. Purchasing of renewable resources to avoid impact on the climate yt and investment in new lighting and improving the efficiency of HVAC (heating, ventilation and cooling systems) and other equipments. Starbucks also has build greener stores which include a mix of design elements such as using recycled floor tiles, improve light efficiency, installing low flow valves throughout the stores, using paints with lower amount of volatile organic chemicals.b) the economic perspective for starbucks corporationA broader concept of economic sustainability would include the companys attitude towards and impacts upon economic framework. Starbucks Corporation responsibly grows coffee and launching its beauteous Trade Coffee has undeniably made a significant contribution to their family farmers through rapidly growing FTC coffee volume. Starbucks has established support centers for the farmers in Rwanda and rib Rica to provide them with necessary resources and expertise to help lower the cost of production, reduce fungus infections, improve coffee quality and increase the production of premium coffee. During the growing and growth cycles, many farmers find it difficult to cover the expenses prompting them to sell their crops for less to the local buyers.To avoid such situation, starbucks provides funding to the organization that make loans to the coffee growers which will sell their crops at the best time to get the right price. It will also help the farmers to invest in the farms and make capital improvements. Starbucks coffee and drinking chocolate buying is designed to long-term supply of high-quality, ethically sourced cocoa and coffee while contributing positively to the environment and to cocoa-farming communities. Starbucks argues that it pays above market prices for all of its coffee. fit in to the company, in 2004 it paid on average $1.42 per pound ($2.64 kg) for high-quality coffee beans. This is in comparison to commodity prices which were as low as $0.50$0.60 in 200304.c) the social perspective for Starbucks corporationThe key issue in social perspective on sustainability is that of social justice. Starbucks Corporation is involved in communities services bringing batch together, stir change and making a difference in peoples lives. Engaging young people to identify and address the needs of their community. Young people also receive advocacy ,training, financial help and other resources for their efforts. This is done by providing monetary aid and establishing relationship with International early days foundation and Youth Venture.Starbucks is also involved in combating HIV/Aids to coffee growing community in Africa. Starbucks began selling RED goods in November 2008, enabling the supply of help medicine for 3800 people for a year. The Starbucks Foundation has served the society for many years providing access to clean waters to the developing countries from its brand water bottled ETHOS, fostering training in china, rebuilding the Gulf coast. Although these goals and targets are identified by the UN are essentially the responsibility of the government to achieve, some of them have direct significance for business. in the long run we have identified sustainability as a crucial concept that helps to determine the goals and objectives of the business activities from ethical point of view.

Soap Operas and the politics of everyday lives Essay Example for Free

goo Operas and the politics of everyday lives EssayLanguage is use for communication and to convey our ideas. It keister alike be used as a social marker. It creates meanings and it is also considered as a source of mogul (Larson, 180). Power relations atomic number 18 also embedded in the langauge of pocket operas. lather operas ar said to be reflections of reality, it mirrors the class struggle between the rich and the ugly. It demonstrates how those who are in power easily manipulate the poor but by and by in the story the poor will be vindicated. This is the semantic dimension of language solidarity and power assymetry of superior over inferior.Identification with both the hero and the heroine does non entail a cognitive choice, but draws upon a repertoire of unconscious process. Both is not a random object, but rather a bad-tempered commoditized human, routed through a system of signs with exchange value (Friedberg, 1990109). To look at an object may mean variou s things in the subconscious mind, one is to climb like it by forcibly trying to imitate it. Working-class members are more inclined to identify with dramatic character, whereas people with higher cultural capital, including aesthetics, are more inclined to maintain a critical distance to the narrative.The ideological problematic of ooze opera the frame or field in which meanings are made, in which signifi lowlifece is constructed narratively is that of personalized sprightliness. More particular, personal life in its everyday realization through personal kinships. This can be mum to be constituted primarily through the representations of romances, families and attendant rituals birth, engagements, marriages, divorce, and deaths. In Marxist terms this is the land of the individual outside waged labor. In feminist terms it is the sphere of womens intimate oppression (Brunsdon, 199758).The spectator is a person who experiences little, who feels that he sic is a poor wretch to whom nothing of importance can happen, who has long been make to damp down, or rather displace, his ambition to stand in his own at the hub of world affairs he longs to feel and to act and to arrange things agree to his desires And the playwright and the agent enable him to do this by allowing him to identify himself with a hero His enjoyment is based on an illusion. (Freud, 199089). By identifying with the person onscreen, the person is displacing oneself, which Freud suggests as blowing off steam.Identification with the actor serves the audience to make this an outlet for unfulfilled desires, by identifying with the performer, one would create a venue where the actor serves as a tool for the satisfaction of the viewer. The viewer puts himself in the actors place and assorts with all the ups and downs that the actor experiences in his life. The actors success is also the fans success. Soap operas are usually criticized by the stereotypical and unrealistic manner in which they portray women, which confirms them more in their subordination in the society.According to Brunsdon, in that location was a feminist rejection of soaps which is in order homologous with the traditional cultural contempt for soaps. This was followed by a certain reevaluation which coincides across the womens movement of conventionally feminine skills such as embroidery and the admission of enjoyment in some of the pleasures of traditional femininity, like dressing up. Heroine television is centrally virtually female characters living their lives, usually working both inside and outside the home, usually not in permanent relationships with men, some condemnations with children, and trying to cope.Soap opera is not quite an heroine television but it was mainly attractive to feminists as an object of analysis because it was perceived to be both for and about women. The personal is political is the most resonant and evocative claim of the 1970s western feminism. If the personal is po litical, if it is in the home, in relationships, in families, that womens intimate oppression or the oppression of women as women is most consensually secured, then the media construction and representation of personal life becomes fascinating and an urgent object of study.If the traditional leftist critique of the media, with its structuring understanding of class conflict, was drawn to the reporting of the public world to industrial disputes, to the interactions of state and broadcasting institutions, to international patterns of ownership and control emerging feminism scholarship had quite another focus. The theoretical impulse of feminism pushed scholars not to the exceptional but to the everyday.So the theoretical conviction that there was politics to everyday life and that womens hidden labor in the home was essential to capitalism coincides with the actual generic distribution of women on television (Brunsdon, 199757). Television is very definitive in the struggle for m eaning and representation, especially in the construction of daily life common sense. Television can fortify the existing cultural domination by presenting inequality as normal or contribute, in special cases, to subversion by providing discourses which present it as oppressive and illegitimate, or offering possibilities for alternative instruction (Vink, 1988124).In most soap operas, women are seen as commodities that are subordinate to men, yet women can kill in order to get the man she loves. The poor are manipulated to the rich mans desires and are helpless to fight back. Women are subjected to physical violence or symbolic oppression. Thus, resonates male dominance in the society. Women as inferior entity while men are the superior ones (Larson, 185). In these lopsided relations, the poor are powerless against the people in power. This powerlessness raise widens the gap between the rich and the poor.The use of language of a particular group can de attributed to their class po sition in the society. Social class can be a combinationof wealth, power and prestige. Likewise, it is also attached to individuals or group of individuals relationship to stinting production. A persons class position is determined by their economic power (Labov, 199745). Because soap operas are viewed on primetime, which means that the whole family is able to watch since the children are back from school and the husband is back from work, soap operas give up a bigger audience.They see on television acts rendered on the poor and females thus making the viewers docile and passive. Consequently, they refrain from doing things that are not sibyllic to be done by their class which is to assert their rights. Soap operas also justify violence and show that it is just part of normal occurrence. Thus it is recognized that women, poor and orphaned children may be maltreated, exploited or beaten up men can beat up their wives and use alcohol as an excuse and the privileged status of spoile d brats in convent uniforms give them a right to abuse household help.The treatment an authority imposes on everyday life seems to be so strong that people project it onto the speech of the characters and refer to them while placing themselves in a subordinate position in this fictive relationship (Fachel, 1985216). Television, as a dominant cultural industry, plays a central role in imposing a view of this type of social world. The understanding of the power relations in society and of the categories necessary for them is the basis of political struggle which the powerful appropriate to themselves.Another effect of the television is that people can relate more to the celebrities than to their neighbors. Example of this is the death of Rico Yan which was given too much hype by the media. Most poor went out of their way to view his automobile trunk as it lay in state. His death point surpassed that of National Artists who died almost the same week as the young actor. The peoples sy mpathy is even stronger for someone who they do not have ties with than with people form their own packages. Because a celebritys life is an open book, they know more about that person than their next-door-neighbors.In the Philippines, a person, an actor, can be voted in the highest position in the land. Because of extensive media mileage a person can get elected. An important factor is identification with the personality. In urban poor areas, people usually identify with someone they see on television as one of them. If the actor portrays roles as the hero of the masses, then this will be what people will remember off screen. They are voted because the people think that since they have already portray the role therefore they are presumed to have the background and experience regarding governance.Watching soap operas during prime time also contributes to the disintegration of families. These hours are the scarcely time that members of the family are present in the households and s hould be the venue for family gathering during dinner. This should serve as the time to talk about what happen during the day, instead the members of the family are in front of the television observance soap operas. Instead of eating in the dining table, some members of the family eat in front of the television so that they would not miss a scene in the soap opera.The only time where they could talk and bond as a family is robbed by the viewing of telenovelas. Though soap operas can also contribute to the topics that are discussed, the things that happened in the soaps would be discussed to friends during the afternoons and not with the family members. After watching soap operas during prime time, it would be late in the even out that there is no more time to interact with one another. People can relate to the events in soap operas because somehow it is also what they are experiencing in their daily lives thus art reflects life.By watching telenovelas, they can pick up something t hat can somehow relieve the burden of their problems. But whether this can elucidate their problems is another story. Passivity and acceptance of their lot is the order of the day. It is precisely this confrontation between fiction and reality which can have a subversive effect showing the viewer that reality can be different, that class and/or gender oppression are not natural but changeable. It is not only identification with telenovelas heroes or heroines, but also with the villains that can open the eyes of the viewers to the fact that life can be different.This can produce a suspension of the immediate attachment to the existing social world and is, as such, a first step in the process of emancipation, a precondition of collective action, based on a common identity (Vink, 1988169). Soap opera viewers should be able to distinguish between reel and reality. Even if there are some celebrities with good credentials who can be elected for a public position, being an actor and the role that one portrays should not be the only factor why they are voted. Instead of portraying reality, media in this case shapes the perspective and view of people according what they media want to represent.Watching soap operas should also be limited because they create stereotypes and limit critical thinking among its viewers. Also, family disintegration would continue if members of the family would continue to ignore each other by watching television. The family is still the most important unit in a society. Instead of just identifying themselves with the actors and actresses in soap operas, the viewers should know that they can do cave in than just identify themselves with them. As individuals they also have the capacity to succeed on their own without just being satisfied by what their idol accomplishes because they can also do the same.

An Explanation of Leadership Theories and Models

An Explanation of leadinghip Theories and Models inform how to articulate the in a higher place diagram. Use a separate same diagram to take on the relevant cable functions/titles (if you necessity to give out your definition)An authoritarian loss loss leader makes decision without any consultations. According to Kurt Lewin, the autocratic lead ardour is feasible when there is no fill for input on the decision and the input final result not affect the decision ultimately. Authoritarian leadinghip style often surfaces in work situations that consume humiliated-level skills from employees and ar marked by low profit margins or tight cost controls. An example of an authoritarian leader is the traditional tooth counterpane manufacturer. Manufacturing toothpaste is a crying output and referable to the low profit margins on each tube of toothpaste, decisions to tighten costs be arrived at the sole decision of the leader.Paternalistic leadhip combines authoritari an leadership, or strong discipline and authority, with benevolent leadership, or fatherly c ar and concern for subordinates personal well-being. Examples of paternalistic leadership style ar leaders of nourishment and beverage restaurants. unbendable food chain restaurants much(prenominal) as McDonalds and KFC be international brands. As certain standards and procedures be already in place, leaders make decisions to be aligned with the international standards but excessively put one across an open-door policy that concentrates on building relationships with the employees.A participative leader personas decision flairing with sort out members and accepts suggestions although the final decision may vary as the leader has the final say. According to Lewin, participative leadership style can win the cooperation of employees and motivate them effectively. An example of a participative leadership style is a high-tech manufacturer. As technology is constantly changing, leaders in high-tech ecesiss promote two-way communications and embrace suggestions from employees. apple and Microsoft encourage their employees to share ideas and feasible suggestions are later decided to incorporate into their products.The laissez-faire leadership style minimizes the leaders involvement in decision-making and surrenders employees to make their receive decisions such as setting their own policies and methods. Laissez-faire leaders may still be creditworthy for the outcome of their employees decisions. Laissez-faire works topper when state are capable and motivated in making their own decisions and there is no requirement for a central coordination. An example is an entertainment self-colored that specializes in provision of military operation arts. When dealing with a range of artists, employees must(prenominal) be condition the freedom to decide on the soft-people skills to tackle each artist. As such, a centralized structure is not feasible for such a versatil e industry. An another(prenominal) example is the imitate agencies. As models responsibilities are to portray the clients advertising intents, models must be given the freedom to work closely with the clients. Thus due to the unique nature of the working environment, laissez-faire leadership style is more reserve for the management of such entertainment and modeling agencies.A leadership Grid (Contingency leadershiphip Styles)A1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD broadsheet overlord involve hardware + parceldevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. sustenance stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, pretend ladder shoots andlayout portfolios high upA2B1B2LowC1C2A1LowHighConcern for People vs Concern for bestowExplain how to read the above diagram. Use a separate same diagram to include the relevant strain functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)The Leadership Grid also cognise as Managerial Grid, developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, is a framework that simultaneously specifies concern for the production and people dimensions of leadership because to achieve effective leadership, leader must integrate the task and relationship orientations. Concern for production is the degree to which a leader emphasizes on concrete documentals, placemental efficiency and high productiveness when decision making how best to hit a task. Concern for people is the degree to which a leader considers the occupyfully of team members, their interests, and areas of personal development when deciding how best to accomplish a task.Low People, Low Work (Impoverished Leadership)Similar to laissez-faire leadership, this leader is nighly ineffective. He has neither a high regard for creating systems for get the work done n or for creating a work environment that is satisfy and motivating. The result is a place of disorganization, dissatisfaction and disharmony.Entertainment firm and modeling agencies use this leadership style. Leaders of entertainment firm empower employees the flexibility to deal with artists due to the different personality of artists. Similarly, leaders of modeling agencies do not interfere with the models job. As models are inevitable to dis bidding the fashion personality of the clients apparel, they are given the freedom to work closely with clients to go steady objectives are met and clients satisfaction is maximized.Low People, High Work (Produce or Perish Leadership)This style of leader is also known as Authoritarian or Compliance Leaders. These leaders believe that employees are simply a center to an end. Employee needs are always secondary to the need for efficient and productive workplaces. This type of leader is very autocratic, has strict work rules, policies and pro cedures, and views vindicatement as the most effective means to motivate employees. (Theory XY)Traditional manufacturer uses this leadership style. such organization has a set of policies and procedures for employees to abide. Furthermore, mechanized technologies are used in the production of toothpaste which leads to minimal homophile interference. As such, employees are seemed as an operation tool in the production of toothpaste (the result).High People, Low Work (Country Club Leadership)The leader is most bear on some the needs and feelings of members of his team. These leaders operate under the assumption that as long as team members are happy and secure, they go out work hard. What tends to result is a work environment that is very relaxed and fun but at the expense of production due to lack of direction and control.High People, High Work (Team Leadership)This is the pinnacle of managerial style. These leaders taste production needs and the needs of the people equally hi ghly. The premise here is that employees are gnarled in understanding organizational purpose and determining production needs. When employees are committed to, and harbor a stake in the organizations success, their needs and production needs coincide. This creates a team environment based on trustfulness and respect, which leads to high satisfaction and motivation and, as a result, high production. (Theory Y)Hi-tech manufacturer uses this leadership style. Due to the advancement of technology, these organizations need to respond quickly to the smorgasbord in environment to stay competitive. As such, leaders often convey and instill the organizations objective in employees to achieve organizations success. Also, leaders encourage employees to share their suggestions into making the organizations products more successful. Such leadership visualizes organizations success and employees fulfillment.FB restaurants and fast food chains use this leadership style. Such organizations foc us on delivering customer satisfactions through their food. These organizations embed the human touch element in their culture. While the quality of the food is not compromise, leaders of such organizations show care and concern for their employees. Due to personal commitments, the leaders may allow the employees to adapt a flexi-working hours which can greatly affect the work force during peak periods.The Managerial GridA1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve hardware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. viands stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get show shoots andlayout portfolios(9, 9)(9, 1)(1, 9)(5, 5)(1, 1)1LowConcern for Production9HighHigh91LowConcern for PeopleExplain how to read the above diagram. Use a separ ate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)The Managerial Grid also known as Leadership Grid, developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, is a framework that simultaneously specifies concern for the production and people dimensions of leadership because to achieve effective leadership, leader must integrate the task and relationship orientations. Concern for production is the degree to which a leader emphasizes on concrete objectives, organizational efficiency and high productivity when deciding how best to accomplish a task. Concern for people is the degree to which a leader considers the needs of team members, their interests, and areas of personal development when deciding how best to accomplish a task. According to Blake and Mouton, the Managerial Grid defined the following five leadership stylesProduce or Perish Leadership (9,1 high production, low people)This style of leader is also known as Authoritarian or Compliance Leaders. These leaders believe that employees are simply a means to an end. Employee needs are always secondary to the need for efficient and productive workplaces. This type of leader is very autocratic, has strict work rules, policies and procedures, and views punishment as the most effective means to motivate employees. Traditional manufacturer uses this leadership style. Such organization has a set of policies and procedures for employees to abide. Furthermore, mechanized technologies are used in the production of toothpaste which leads to minimal human interference. As such, employees are seemed as an operation tool in the production of toothpaste (the result).Country Club Leadership (1,9 low production, high people)The leader is most concerned about the needs and feelings of members of his team. These leaders operate under the assumption that as long as team members are happy and secure, they will work hard. What tends to result is a work environment that is very relaxed and fun but at the expense of production due to lack of direction and control.Impoverished Leadership (1,1 low production, low people)This leader is mostly ineffective. He has neither a high regard for creating systems for getting the work done nor for creating a work environment that is satisfying and motivating. The result is a place of disorganization, dissatisfaction and disharmony. Entertainment firm and modeling agencies use this leadership style. Leaders of entertainment firm empower employees the flexibility to deal with artists due to the different personality of artists. Similarly, leaders of modeling agencies do not interfere with the models job. As models are required to display the fashion personality of the clients apparel, they are given the freedom to work closely with clients to ensure objectives are met and clients satisfaction is maximized.Middle-of-the-Road Leadership (5,5 middle production, middle people)This style seems to balance the two competing concerns. It may at first appear to be an ideal compromise. However, a problem lies within. When the leader compromise, he tends to give away a bit of each concern so that neither production nor people needs are fully met. Leaders who us this style settle for add up performance and often believe that this is the most anyone can expect. FB restaurants and fast food chains use this leadership style. Such organizations focus on delivering customer satisfactions through their food. These organizations embed the human touch element in their culture. While the quality of the food is not compromise, leaders of such organizations show care and concern for their employees. Due to personal commitments, the leaders may allow the employees to adapt a flexi-working hours which can greatly affect the manpower during peak periods.Team Leadership (9,9 high production, high people)This is the pinnacle of managerial style. These leaders stress production needs and the needs of the people equally highly. The pre mise here is that employees are involved in understanding organizational purpose and determining production needs. When employees are committed to, and have a stake in the organizations success, their needs and production needs coincide. This creates a team environment based on trust and respect, which leads to high satisfaction and motivation and, as a result, high production. Hi-tech manufacturer uses this leadership style. Due to the advancement of technology, these organizations need to respond quickly to the change in environment to stay competitive. As such, leaders often convey and instill the organizations objective in employees to achieve organizations success. Also, leaders encourage employees to share their suggestions into making the organizations products more successful. Such leadership ensures organizations success and employees fulfillment.The model proposes that when both people and production concerns are high, employee engagement and productivity increases accordi ngly. This is often true and it follows the ideas of Theories X and Y, and other participative management theories.Transformational vs Transactional LeadershipA1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve hardware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. Food stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get test shoots andlayout portfoliosTransformational LeaderTransactional LeaderA2C1C2A1B1B2Explain how to read the above diagram. Use a separate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)Transactional leadership assumes that work is done only because it is rewarded and thus the leader focuses on designing tasks and reward structures. It may not be the most appealing leadership strategy in building relationships and developing a long-term motivating work environment, it is workable in most organizations on a daily tush to get work done. This leadership style starts with the idea that employees agree to obey their leader totally when they accept a job. The leader has a right to punish the employees if their work does not meet the standard. Under transactional leadership, little can be done to improve employees job satisfaction. Transactional leadership is a type of management kind of than a true leadership style because the focus is on short-term tasks. It has serious limitations for knowledge-based or creative work. Examples of transactional leadership can be found in traditional manufacturer organisations, FB restaurants and fast food chain restaurants. Work structures in these organizations are typically standard and routine and thus, employees experience minimal job satisfaction. In these organizations, the relationship between the leader and employees is simi lar to that of a transaction, whereby the leader rewards/pays the employees for the work done.Transformational leaders are true leaders who revivify employees constantly with a divided vision of the future. They are exceptionally motivating and trusted. While this leaders enthusiasm is often passed onto the team, he needs to be supported by detail people. That is wherefore in many organizations, both transactional and transformational leadership are needed. The transactional leaders (or managers) ensure that routine work is done reliably while the transformational leaders look after(prenominal) initiatives that add value. Transformational leaders are found in hi-tech manufacturer, entertainment firm and modeling agency. Leaders in such organizations have the vision and foretaste to bring the organizations to greater heights through a healthy and interactive relationship with the employees. Leaders in hi-tech manufacturer such as apple welcome and embrace suggestions from employ ees to improve its products that appeal to the consumers. As such, Apple has been very successful over the years in producing gadgets for consumers worldwide. Leaders in entertainment firms separate out to bring their arts to the world and promote their countries cultural arts. This is to prevent the extinction of cultural arts. Leaders in modeling agencies usually have the passion for fashion. They inspire models to display and bring to life the fashion personality of the designers.(E)A1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve hardware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. Food stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get test shoots andlayout portfoliosTheory XTheory YA1B1B2A2C1C2Explain how to read the above diagram. Use a sep arate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)Accordingly Douglas McGregor, Theory X (authoritarian management style) assumes that the average person has an inherent disthe likes of of work and will avoid it if he can. Because of their dislike for work, most people must be controlled and threatened before they will work hard enough. The average person prefers to be directed, dislikes responsibility, is unambiguous and desires security above everything. These assumptions give rise to both tough management with punishments and tight controls, and soft management which aims at harmony at work. In actual facts, a person needs more than financial rewards at work. He also needs some deeper higher order motivation such as the opportunity to fulfill himself. Theory X managers however, do not give their employees this opportunity. In traditional manufacturer organizations, FB restaurants and fast food chain restaurants, jobs are often rigid and routine. Basically, employees do not expect any variances in their daily work. Thus they are tasked to simply perform routine work without the need to bother about anything else.According to McGregor, Theory Y (participative management style) assumes that the physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. Control and punishment are not the only methods to make people work. Man will uphold self-direction if he is committed to the organizations aims. The average man learns under proper conditions not only to accept but to seek responsibility. A large number of employees use imagination, creativity and ingenuity to exercise work problems. Although Theory Y is difficult to put into practice on the shop floor in large mass production operations, it is used initially to manage managers. In situations where it is possible to obtain commitment to objectives, it is better to explain the matter fully so that employees grasp the purpose of an action. They will t hen exert self-direction and control to do better work than if they had simply carry out an order. In hi-technology organizations, entertainment firms and modeling agencies, employees are often passionate about the jobs and thus are empowered to take on greater responsibility in handling situations. Due to the uncertainty of the industries, employees need to respond timely to environmental changes.In a nutshell, McGregor wants managers to put into operation the basic assumption that Staff will contribute more to the organization if they are treated as responsible and valued employees.(F)A1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve hardware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. Food stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get test s hoots andlayout portfoliosTransformationalA2C1C2TransactionalA1B1B2Theory XTheory YExplain how to read the above diagram. Use a separate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)The concept of transactional and transformational leadership, and Theories X and Y has been covered in the above questions.Transactional leadership Theory XDue to the routine and rigidity of work in traditional manufacturing organizations and FB restaurants, leaders believe that employees dislike work and will avoid it if possible. Thus, transactional leadership is often used in these organizations to reward employees in order to get work done.Transactional leadership Theory YAs most fast food chain restaurants already have worldwide presence, transactional leaders must ensure that the restaurants standard is consistent with the chains predetermined principles. In order to achieve this, leaders engage in a transaction relationship with employees by p roviding fit rewards to employees. However, cultures across countries vary. Understanding this cultural difference, country leaders encourage employees to share their views to improve the fast food restaurants into a better dining choice for consumers.Transformational leadership Theory YHi-technology manufacturing organizations, entertainment firms and modeling agencies adapt transformational leadership because leaders are ambitious and believe that the organizations have the capability to attain greater heights. Leaders in such organizations share and instill the organizations vision to employees and highlight that every employees play an important part in the organizations success. Due to the turbulent environment of these industries, employees are empowered with the flexibility to solve work problems. As such, employees are encouraged to assume greater responsibility.(G)A1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve har dware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. Food stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get test shoots andlayout portfoliosorganic organizationA2B2C1C2 mechanical organizationA1B2Theory XTheory YExplain how to read the above diagram. Use a separate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation) mechanical organizations have clear well-defined, centralized, vertical hierarchies of command, authority and control. Efficiency and predictability are emphasized through specialization, standardization and formalization. As such, it results in rigidly defined jobs, technologies and processes. Organizational structures, processes and roles function like a machine in which each part of the organization does what it is designed to accomplish. Mechan istic organizations are often appropriate in stable environments and for routine tasks and technologies. radical organizations are decentralized with flexible, broadly defined jobs and have relatively few and broadly defined rules, procedures and processes. Such organizations focus on interdependence among employees and units, multi-directional communication, employee initiative, and employee participation in problem solving and decision making. Organic organizations are highly suitable for unstable, turbulent environments and for non-routine tasks and technologies. In organic organizations, the emphasis is on effectiveness, problem solving, responsiveness, flexibility, adaptability, creativity and innovation. Such an organization responds timely to environmental change because employees are empowered to be creative, to experiment and to suggest new ideas. The process of innovation is triggered by employees throughout the organization in a bottom-up manner.The concept of Theories X and Y has been covered in the above questions.Mechanistic organization, Theory XA traditional manufacturing organization operates in a relatively stable environment and jobs are often rigidly defined. Such organizations adapt mechanistic management system whereby production processes and techniques are employed to minimize waste and maximize outputs for a given quantity of inputs. The ultimate goal of mechanistic structure is efficiency. Due to the routine and non-challenging daily work, leaders believe that employees dislike work and will avoid it if possible. Thus, transactional leadership is often used in these organizations to reward employees in order to get work done.Mechanistic organization, Theory YAs most fast food chain restaurants already have worldwide presence, there is clear command and control to ensure that every countrys restaurants standard is consistent with the chains predetermined principles. Thus, mechanistic structure is employed to achieve the desire objectiv e. Recognizing the cross-cultural differences, country leaders encourage employees to share their views to improve the fast food restaurants into a better dining choice for consumers.Organic organizations, Theory YHi-technology manufacturing organization, FB restaurants, entertainment firms and modeling agencies operate in a highly turbulent environment and are very vulnerable to competition. Thus, these organizations employed the organic management system to respond timely to the environmental changes. Employees are required to work cross-functionally cohesively to ensure challenges are addressed promptly. Employees in such organizations identify themselves with the organizations and assume greater responsibility to ensure corporate success.(H)A1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve hardware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. Food stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KF C)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get test shoots andlayout portfoliosorganic organizationA2C1C2mechanistic organizationA1B1B2Transactional leadershipTransformationalleadershipExplain how to read the above diagram. Use a separate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)The concepts of mechanistic and organic organization, as well as transactional and transformational leadership have been covered in the above questions.Due to the routine and rigidity of job scope in the traditional manufacturing organizations, FB restaurants and fast food chain restaurants, these organizations have a mechanistic structure with well-defined command and control. Employees suggestions and views usually have no impact on the organizations decisions. Thus due to the lack of job satisfactions in employees, transactional leadership is usually used in such organizations to get work done.As hi-technology manufacturing organizations, entertainment firms and modeling agencies operate in a highly unstable environment and are vulnerable to competitions, organic structures are more appropriate to ensure changes to the environment are responded to promptly. Such organizations are led by transformational leaders as they have the foresight and motivation attributes to influence and lead the employees and organizations towards greater heights. Most importantly, transformational leaders have the ability to solve problem efficiently.(I)A1. Traditional manufacturer (eg. tooth paste factory)A2. Hi-tech manufacturer (eg. SD card maker involve hardware + softwaredevelopment)B1. FB restaurant (eg. Food stalls, seafood restaurants)B2. Fast food chain restaurant (eg. McDonalds, KFC)C1. Entertainment firm specializes in provision of performance arts, with a rangeof artistsC2. Agency that represents fashion models, trains models, get test shoots andlayout portfoliosTransformationalA2C1C2TransactionalA1B1B2AuthoritarianPaternalisticParticipativeLaissez-faireExplain how to read the above diagram. Use a separate same diagram to include the relevant job functions/titles (if you want to extend your explanation)The concepts of transactional, transformational, authoritarian, paternalistic, participative and laissez-faire leadership have been covered in the above questions.Transactional and authoritarian leaderships are employed in traditional manufacturing organizations. As the job scopes are routine and well-defined, employees are required to follow and adhere to instructions from the management. Little variations occur in such organizations. Furthermore, due to the lack of job satisfactions in employees, leaders reward employees so as to get the work done promptly. If employees work standard falls below expected, leaders have the rights and authority to let down punishment on employees.Transactional and paternalisti c leaderships are used in FB restaurants and fast food chain restaurants. Instructi

Systems To Involve Stakeholders In The Planning Change Management Essay

Systems To Involve Stakeholders In The Planning Change Management Essay foregoing to implementing a companywide castrate, it is important to get stakeholders on board. Organisations take their stakeholders into confidence, just to ensure the smooth transition, since they are the one who entrust be affected by the variety. For an memorial tablet stakeholder washbasin be its employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, managers, government, local community, creditors etc. n order to achieve this goal, stakeholder analyses are carried out.Stakeholder AnalysisThe process of identifying those who give be affected by the actions of organisation. It as well enables the managers to analyze the attitudes of stakeholders towards the change. In order to carry out these analysis, hobby steps are takenIdentify the stakeholders in stakeholder analysis the first step is to get hold up with the list of any who will be affected by the organisational actions, this back include an individu al, a group or an organisation.The possible stakeholders for Gill spin can benew Managing theatre directorprevious MDsenior managerssupplierslenders / bankscustomerspublicfuture recruits,environment protection groupsregulatory bodies order your stakeholders For organisations the list of stakeholders can be very(prenominal) long, in one cheek of university 20,000 stakeholders were identified. This doesnt mean that everyone is very important to the organisation. Hence the adjoining step in stakeholder analysis is to prioritize stakeholders. This can be done using Power / Interest Grid. Using this grid, Gill construction can identify their key stakeholders, which can benew Managing Directorsenior managerssupplierslenders / bankscustomerspublicenvironment protection groups and regulatory bodiesexisting workforceStakeholder analysis strategyUnderstand Your Key Stakeholders this is the last step in stakeholder analysis. It focuses on understanding the key stakeholders, and defines the right smart they will be affected. It as well as highlights the interests stakeholders reserve with the organisation. It answers the following questionWhat financial or emotional interest do they have in the outcome of change? Is it positive or negative?What motivates them?What information do they want?How do they want to receive information? What is the best way of communicating with them?What is their current opinion? Is it based on good information?Who influences their opinions generally? Do some of these influencers therefore become important stakeholders in their let right?If they are not correspondingly to be positive, what will win them around to support change?How to manage their oppositionHow they can influence others by their opinion?Convergence and discriminationAnother model adopted by instruction gurus to analyze the stakeholders. It enables the managers to identify the factors which are opposing the stakeholders and which are accompaniment it.Divergence an alysis of the factors which are opposing the change for stakeholders.The first step is to identify the basic change factors which are causing the opposition, these can be beliefs, think of, and goals associated with the stake holders. Managers make to answers likeWhat are their beliefs most change and which have led them to oppose it?What are the values being transgressed by change actions?Are their stress values being triggered?How is the change affecting their career social goals?Managers also urgency into their perception of the change, analyzing this can give them huge edge converting their opposition. They exigency to answer questions likeWhat do they think about change?What do they think will happen?How do they look at other stakeholders?Convergence elements which are supporting the change. It is much focused on those who oppose the change.Managers pauperisation to understand who they are dealing with, what they are capabable how and how they can affect them. For-exampl e A regulatory body or HSE will have permission to shut down the work in progress if they find anything in violation of the laws. Also in case of supplying chain, they may also ruin their relationship with the supplier. Banks and Lenders will have their leverage over the organisation since a loan was taken for the purchase of new machinery.Managers need to look into the following casesHow the stakeholder will be managed? Do they need any leadership or they will just follow?What made them follow the leadershipHow will they support the change?How prepared are they for the change?Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the computer programning of changeStakeholders CircleA stopcock designed to gain stakeholder commitment and involve the key stakeholders in developing a change management strategy. This cycle has six steps and also cognize as Six Steps Stakeholders CycleIdentify the stakeholders The first step is to identify the key stakeholders, which can influence an d have interest within the organisation.Prioritize the stake holders Managers need to identify the key stakeholder using the Power-Interest Grid. For Gill Construction these key stakeholders are MDEmployeesManagementCustomersSuppliersRegulatory BodiesMap the Profile next step is to map the profile, how will they be affected, what is in the change for them, how they can be supported, what kind of support we can get from them, what are their culture and values. exclusively the questions will be answered at this pointEngagement strategy At this point a managers need to decide how they are going to address the issues of stakeholders in order to gain their commitment and support. New MD of Gill Construction need to hold a meeting with management of the company. Clearly define what He wants to achieve and what his goals are. Since his goal is to improve the quality of the work done and also expand the business.It will be then the job of Management to directly tangency their respectiv e staff members and explain the situation to them. Ideas for improvement will be taken. Meeting and Presentations will be held with suppliers and explain your objective to them. Also Management will seek advice from regulatory bodies to assists them in improving the H S at workplace. Banks and Lenders will also be taken into confidence. A clear business plan will be presented to them.Optimise their Support next step in this cycle is to optimise the support from stakeholders. Managers need to be very clear and particularised about their objective to the stakeholder and try to get most out of them. They need to keep good relationships with their lenders/ banks and suppliers.Monitor the last and final stage is to monitor the strategy. They need to keep going back to their stakeholders and ensure their support is still with them. If they have any kind of doubts they need to clear them out.Develop a change management strategy with stakeholdersA strategy will be formed which will help management at Gill Construction to gain commitment from their stakeholders. A general change management strategy involves three stepsSituational awareness before a companywide change is implemented, everyone will be made aware of the change and what is going to happen in result of this change. A vision will be created Stakeholders will be informed that how this will effect. Suppliers will be notified about what will be expected of them. Employees will be taken into confidence to avoid panic.Supporting structures second step is to structure teams and sponsor coalition. They will be debriefed about who is going to do what. If they will be let go off, they will be informed at this stage. They will be informed that they need to trained to operate the new machinery. Bank or Lender will be informed about new purchases and equipment. New policy about H S will be sent to HSE and they will be informed about it. Suppliers will be contacted and new price regarding JIT will be set, also ma terial price will be revisited.Strategy analysis this stage involves risk analysis to be carried out. what degree of risk is involved in this change. What will happen if this strategy fails. In case there is no progress even after this change, what will we do, what if lenders refuse to pass a load. In case of resistance from stakeholders a resistance to change strategy will be required. Management will give their best to negotiate on good terms with the suppliers and use the bargaining power. Management also need to convince the bank and lenders to pass the load and take them into confidence.Create a strategy for managing resistance to changeIt is in human nature that whenever they are asked to move out of their comfort zone or change, they resist it. When organisations go under change it is very unadorned that stakeholders will be afraid of its outcome. Hence it is very important to manage this resistance because this resistance can raise the risk factor during the change or tran sition process.Passive versus Active oppositeA framework adopted fromActivePassiveBeing criticalAgreeing verbally but not following throughRidiculingfailing to implement changeAppealing to fearProcrastinating ordragging one feetUsing facts selectivelyFeigning ignoranceBlaming or accusing withhold information, suggestion, help or supportIntimidating or threateningStanding by or allowing change to failManipulatingBlockingStarting rumoursArguingManaging ResistanceBefore a change is implemented it is very important for managers to either eliminate resistance completely or bring it down to a very lower level such that it has a very minor effect. There can be number of ways for managing this resistance. Some of the ways adopted by Gill Construction can beCommunication everyone within the organisation should be made aware of the situation. Managers need to communicate openly with all the stakeholders and converse the issues with them. Even if they are supporting the change management ne ed to check with them back to back to ensure the full commitment. Management need to hold meetings, cogitate session with the staff and communicate with them. Suggestions will be taken from the staff and their participation will be encouraged.Training staff will be provided with allow for training to build up their skills so that they can operate the new machinery. This will help to eliminate the resistance put up by the operational workforce. Also work-shops will be held with other staff to ensure that they are not left behind. They will be provided with the information and steps involved in this transition will be explained to them.Feedback Taking feedback or suggestions from the stakeholders is always the best way to gain their commitment. This shows to them that management is still listening to them and they hold a value to them. Taking feedback about the training is also good to monitor the staff performance.

Usage and Benefit of a PEST analysis

Usage and Benefit of a PEST analysisPEST is general analysis as external macro environment that will cloak to the firm and the company. In the analysis, the macro environment is identifying of the opportunities and threats will affect the outcomes and organizational plan and means and the situation ascribable to the control of semipolitical, frugal, social and technological forces. With regards to this, fundament say that is the proper term to these factors. However, changes inthe macroeconomic environmentcancreate the new markets of chances and the articles are sometimes toconstructa more favourable analysis ofthe term PEST. Macro environment is that umteen country-specific needs and interests of the implementation for all the countries. In the following are the examples of the factors will considered in the PEST analysis. For examples, political factors, economic factors, social factors and technology factors.Usage and Benefit of PESTThe decision reservation of organizatio n in the management will affect by some factors in macro environment. Examples of macro environment change as employment law changes, economic recession, tax changes, government policy changes, supranational trade regulation, changes in exchange rates, changes in trade policy, income distribution and demographic changes as population, gender or composition. To analysis those factors as PEST model, as belowPolitical factor is due to the degree of intervention economy as government policy. Futhermore, also due to the government need to provide what kind of the good services or product to consumer and the subsidizing firms is belong to what level of it and the priorities which in the term of business support known as important role. Political factor can affect many business area such as dictates the legal regulation as government impact the business with the taxation policy such as the determine of goods and services will be rises when there is no tax on that or the company profil e will direct be taxable, the health of the international as government must pass and force the laws to regarding the label and packaging of the nurseion of consumer, the base installation of the economy as the rail system. For examples, in the San Francisco burnt umber House, the company have an agreement known as Franchise Agreement. The Franchise Agreement is specified as form of Licence of Agreement. This agreement is the factor of protect the operation of San Francisco Coffee House and the rights parties of the company. Particularly, this agreement is expert skilled of obtained to franchising and the intellectual of feeling right. This agreement is identify the intellectual of the franchisors property and other proprietary is dismission to protect by this licence. This agreement is also focus on the relationship between the parties of each other in a positive way and a expert constructive manner to them. Beside that, this agreement will also emphasize the need and requirem ent of the operation San Francisco Coffee House. The benefits to have an agreement are due to failure to protect their own property or business format and the most important is their profits as well is could take an legal exertion of that. By the way, once have abundant protections of the agreement, the company can benefit from the licence of their intellectual property as well and it is more easier to protect their property when it is registered and the most important can prove their ownership.Economic factor is a major impact of a firms behaviour and organization of outcomes. This is regarding to economy recession, economic fruit from overall of the market as the bring of the products rise when the high national economic growth, monetary policy as interest rates as the higher interest rates it will cause more to borrow it will deeper the investment, foreign exchanges rates as the rises of foreign currency will impact the exporting goods more difficult, tax changes and inflati on as it will make the wages demand of the employee higher and the cost of selling price rises too. Economic factor is due to the purchasing power of consumer. Such as the economic is known as the mood of consumer confidence as well, as the economy downturn the consumer do not have the confidence to purchase any goods or services, it will impact the market and the enterprise organization. During a recession, many firms are slow down to move to the falling demand levels will drop. Futhermore, a firm making similar product may utilize a price cutting policy. This will demand to a response to all the firm otherwise they may lose the market share. For examples, San Francisco Coffee House which in Croatian, in the market of Croatian, a immense variety of international product and services is increasing. In the market San Francisco Coffee House, the salary grows up obviously, therefore the consumer of demand will increased for higher quality of the world brand names as well. This is due to the in Croatian is widely not available and the economic growth. In Croatian, the young consumer is target of international brand while the older people is still looking for domestic brands. As analysis, the purchasing habits also changeable geographically. The San Francisco Coffee House is most owned by foreign country as recent years those acquisitions occurred to San Francisco Coffee House. Although they would be entrepreneurs of the capitalization options while characteristic of domestic market in Croatian is bankruptcy for those smaller entrepreneurs. This reason is due to they are struggled to collect the trade debt. The traditional arrangement problematic is made by the international ownership of local banks even though this kind of problem is common of domestic market. The benefit of economic factor in San Francisco Coffee House is a decision related to to the choice, another good means a good few. Income and wealth is not infinite, because only so much time. Trade of f for individuals, business and society. In addition, economic assumes that people act rationally and try to make action to get their own compared tothe costs associated withthe greatestinterest. Changeis oftenrationalconsiderations,rather thanmakingthe average marginal effect.Political factor is

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies deals with universal truths because many of the characters have characteristics we can relate to which makes the criminal record more interesting. One of the characters is Jack. Through come out of the closet the book Jack wants to be the leader of the boys on the island. Jack also does not like work. He likes to go out and hunt, Jack considers hunting as fun, have parties, and do whatever he wants. We see this because he is never working and is always out hunting. Even when he finally becomes the leader he does not take responsibility. All he does is hunt and society. We see that he is not responsible because he throws a party and they get so carried away that someone was killed. Jacks character makes the book stronger because Jack possesses the same ruthlessness and savageness that is in many of us and we can relate to that. Another thing we all can relate to is Jack wanting to be the leader because at one time or another we have all wanted to be the leader of something. Since universal truths are things we can relate to, this ties into universal truths because we can relate to wanting to be the leader.Another character is Piggy. From the beginning of the book when Piggy told Ralph what the kids at school used to call him until the end of the book where they take Piggys render and later on kill him. Piggy is being made fun of which is all a form of mockery. Nobody likes to be made fun of and population can relate to the torture of being picked on. Piggy has a medical problem, which is asthma. This kept him from doing many things. Most of the time he sat and thought approximately ways to improve life on the island. Piggy was more of a thinker then a doer. During the book Piggy loses his pride, honor, and self-confidence but he tries to regain that when he faces Jack after his glasses were stolen.

Radical Feminism and Hip Hop Essay examples -- Music Analysis

Since its emergence in the South Bronx in the 1970s, hip hop has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the world. Once an underground genre of music, it is seen in commercials, movies, television shows, etc. It has transformed from music and expanded into a full culture. It has even made its modality into modality and art. Men have always been on the front line of Hip Hop. However, the lyrics and images have changed tremendously. Lyrics and images that once spoke upon the injustices and empowerment for the African American people is promptly filled with money, cars, jewelry, and of course women. Todays hip hop generation is criticized for its negative portrayal of women. Every music video that is produced features scantily clad women with terpsichore sensually. Feminists speak against them because they are continuing to sexualize the fe virile form, degrade women by using terms such as bitch and hoe to describe them, and in all continuing to make them second cl ass citizens. Radical feminism focuses on such oppression in society and the existence of patriarchy/male dominance. All of which is evident in Hip Hop. Patriarchy creates a social division. It is often used to describe the power between a male and a woman. This idea is important in Radical Feminism. Seen as the root of female oppression, Radical Feminists recognize that patriarchy is everywhere. Radical feminist came about because they were not beaming with the course of action taken by the first wave of feminists. Radical feminists wanted a revolution, not just reform they wanted to do things their way as opposed to following the system. So they came up with their own theories that fit their way of thinking and often were at odds with the reformer feminists... ...lackademics.org. intelligence agency Press, 2006. Web. 01 May 2012. .Burke, Colleen. Women and Militarism. Women and Militarism. Womens International League for Peace and Freedom. Web. 05 May 2012. .Hooks, Bell. Sex ism and Misogyny Who Takes the Rap? Race & Ethnicity. Web. 06 May 2012. .Hooks, Bell. We Real Cool inglorious Men and Masculinity. New York Routledge, 2004.Mgadmi, Mahassen. Black Womens Identity Stereotypes, Respectability and Passionlessness (1890-1930). LISA E-Journal. Web. 06 May 2012. .Zieber, Maureen. Definition of Radical Feminism. Suite101.com. Web. 08 May 2012. .